BohrSommerfeldQuantisierung
Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization is an early quantum theory development that extends Bohr’s atomic model by allowing non-circular orbits and treating quantization as a condition on classical motion. Proposed by Niels Bohr and Arnold Sommerfeld in the early 20th century, it applies to systems whose motion is integrable and expresses quantization in terms of action variables rather than wavefunctions.
The central idea is that for each degree of freedom with coordinate q_i and conjugate momentum p_i,
In the hydrogen-like atom, the method reproduces the existence of discrete energy levels that depend on a
Limitations of Bohr-Sommerfeld theory are significant. It could not account for many spectroscopic features, spin, fine