Bodenorganische

Bodenorganische refers to the organic components of soil, collectively known in international terms as soil organic matter (SOM). It includes living organisms such as roots, fungi, bacteria, and other soil biota, as well as dead plant and animal residues and their transformed products. Bodenorganische is distinct from the mineral fraction of soil, which consists of inorganic grains and clays.

The organic matter in soil can be thought of as comprising several fractions. Fresh residues and microbial biomass represent the more dynamic, readily decomposable portion. The more stable portion, often called humus, forms through microbial processing and chemical reactions that make organic compounds more resistant to further decay. Humus and related substances contribute to the long-term soil organic carbon pool. Some classifications distinguish particulate organic matter, mineral-associated organic matter, and humified substances, each with different turnover rates.

Functions ofbodenorganische are broad and essential. It stores nutrients, releasing them slowly as organic compounds mineralize, and enhances soil structure by promoting aggregation, which improves porosity and aeration. It increases water-holding capacity and buffering capacity, influences soil pH stability, and supports a diverse soil ecosystem. Soil organic matter also plays a major role in carbon sequestration, contributing to climate regulation through the storage of atmospheric carbon in the soil.

Dynamics and influencing factors are driven by inputs (plant litter, residues, manure), decomposition by soil organisms, environmental conditions (temperature, moisture), and management practices. Practices that aim to increase or preserve Bodenorganische include reduced tillage, cover cropping, diverse crop rotations, and addition of organic amendments. Measurements typically focus on soil organic carbon content (SOC) and can involve fractionation to distinguish different SOM pools.