BluetoothStandards

BluetoothStandards refers to the set of specifications developed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) that define short-range wireless communication between devices. The standards cover radio technology, core protocols, profile definitions, and application-layer services used by consumer electronics, computers, wearables, and industrial equipment.

The Bluetooth Core Specification is the central document series. It defines the radio, baseband, Link Layer, L2CAP, and the Attribute Protocol for BLE, plus the Generic Attribute Profile used by many profiles for data exchange. The SIG maintains profiles and services for common functions.

Radio technology and PHY: Bluetooth operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band using frequency-hopping spread spectrum for classic Bluetooth and a separate low-energy PHY for BLE. Over time, newer versions added higher data rates (such as LE 2M) and features like extended advertising and isochronous channels used for real-time audio.

Version history in brief: 1.0–1.2 defined basic data exchange; 2.0 + EDR added Enhanced Data Rate; 3.0 + HS introduced higher-speed transfer; 4.0 introduced BLE; 4.1 and 4.2 improved coexistence, privacy, and security; 5.x expanded range, data rates, and LE Audio features in 5.2 with direction finding in 5.1.

Profiles and services: Classic Bluetooth profiles such as A2DP, HFP/HSP, HID, AVRCP, and SPP standardize application behaviors. Bluetooth Low Energy uses the Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) to discover services and characteristics, enabling a wide ecosystem of standardized and vendor-defined profiles for sensors, wearables, and beacons.

Security and interoperability: Pairing, bonding, encryption, and secure connections evolve across versions. Devices negotiate the best supported features, and the standard supports backward compatibility, enabling communication between older devices and newer ones within negotiated limits.

The Bluetooth SIG governs updates, conformance testing, and certification. Bluetooth standards enable interoperability across devices, from wireless audio and peripherals to beacons and automotive systems.