Bleisatz

Bleisatz, from German, means "lead typesetting" and denotes the traditional method of setting text for printing using metal type cast from lead alloy. In practice, it refers to both manual hand setting and machine-based hot metal typesetting, notably the Linotype and Intertype systems, which cast lines of type from a keyboard input.

Process: A compositor selects individual sorts from case drawers, arranging them in a composing stick to form lines of text. Spacing matters; spaces, hyphens, and quads are used to justify lines. After a page is composed, it is proofread, adjustments are made, and the galleys are locked into a chase with furniture and lead spacers. The composed page is then inked and pressed to transfer ink to paper. The type is then returned to the case for reuse.

Materials and historical notes: The "type" is a hard metal alloy, typically lead-based, sometimes with tin and antimony to create durable sorts. Typeface design influences readability and aesthetics of the page. Bleisatz emerged with movable-type printing in the 15th century and dominated book and newspaper production until the rise of phototypesetting and digital typesetting in the late 20th century. Today, it survives in artisanal letterpress studios and as a craft practice, valued for tactile quality and historical interest.