Blasebälge

Blasebälge refers to a bellows system used to supply a controlled stream of air to a forge, furnace, or glasswork. In German, Blasebalg is the singular term for a bellows, while Blasebälge denotes the related set or plural form. The device is characteristic of pre-industrial craft environments, where manual air pressure was needed to achieve higher combustion temperatures.

Construction and operation typically involve two connected leather or fabric bags, a nozzle, and a valve system mounted on a wooden frame with handles. The operator alternately squeezes and releases the bags, forcing air through the nozzle into the fire. Valves prevent backflow and allow continuous airflow as the bags re-expand. Larger floor-standing versions may be driven by a foot pedal, crank, or manual pump to sustain a steadier blast of air.

History and usage have deep roots in metalworking and glassmaking. Bellows appear in various ancient and medieval contexts and became central to forging iron and steel in Europe, enabling higher temperatures before mechanized blowers existed. With the advent of steam and later mechanical blast systems, hand-operated Blasebälge were gradually complemented or replaced in many settings, though they remain in use for artisanal blacksmithing, traditional glassmaking, and historical demonstrations.

Variants and regional practice show diversity in size, materials, and valve configurations. Small, portable models suit individual smiths, while larger bellows are floor-based and require assistance. They are also encountered in educational programs and living history museums to illustrate pre-industrial fire-starting techniques.

See also: bellows, forge technology, blacksmithing history.