Biochanin

Biochanin A is an isoflavone, a plant-derived flavonoid that functions as a phytoestrogen. It is the 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone and occurs naturally in red clover (Trifolium pratense), where it is relatively abundant. It is present in smaller amounts in other legumes and seeds.

In terms of biological activity, biochanin A binds to estrogen receptors, showing a preference for ERβ and producing comparatively weak estrogenic effects relative to other isoflavones such as genistein. It also exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in cell and animal studies. Preclinical research has explored potential anti-cancer, cardiovascular, and neuroprotective effects, but evidence from human studies remains limited and inconclusive.

Bioavailability and metabolism involve gut microbiota-mediated demethylation of biochanin A to genistein, a related isoflavone. As with other phytoestrogens, intake may interact with hormonal pathways and medications; applicability to disease prevention or treatment is not established, and safety in pregnancy or long-term use has not been fully determined. Biochanin A is not approved as a drug and is mainly studied as a dietary polyphenol with potential nutritional benefits.