Binäärarv

Binäärarv, also known as binary number, is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system. It uses only two symbols: 0 and 1. Each digit in a binary number is called a bit. The position of each bit represents a power of 2, starting from the rightmost bit which represents 2^0 (or 1). The value of a binary number is the sum of the values of all the bits that are set to 1.

For example, the binary number 1011 can be broken down as follows: 1*2^3 + 0*2^2 + 1*2^1 + 1*2^0, which equals 8 + 0 + 2 + 1, or 11 in decimal (base-10) notation.

Binary numbers are fundamental in computer science and digital electronics because they can be easily represented by electronic signals, with 0 typically represented by the absence of a signal and 1 by the presence of a signal. This makes binary numbers ideal for use in digital circuits and processors.

Binary numbers can be converted to decimal numbers and vice versa. To convert a binary number to decimal, each bit is multiplied by its corresponding power of 2 and the results are summed. To convert a decimal number to binary, the number is repeatedly divided by 2, and the remainders are recorded in reverse order.

Binary numbers can also be used to represent other types of data, such as text and images, by encoding them into binary form. This is the basis of how computers store and process data.