Binários

Binários refers to the binary number system, a base-2 numeral system that uses only two symbols, typically 0 and 1. This system is fundamental to modern computing and digital electronics. Unlike the decimal system (base-10), which uses ten digits (0-9), the binary system relies on positional notation where each digit's value is a power of 2. For example, the binary number 1011 is equivalent to (1 * 2^3) + (0 * 2^2) + (1 * 2^1) + (1 * 2^0), which equals 8 + 0 + 2 + 1, or 11 in decimal.

In computing, these binary digits, or bits, are the smallest units of data. A sequence of bits can represent numbers, characters, instructions, and all other forms of information processed by computers. The widespread adoption of binary stems from its natural mapping to electronic circuits. A transistor, for instance, can be in one of two states: on or off, which directly corresponds to the binary digits 1 and 0. This simplicity makes it highly reliable and efficient for electrical implementation.

The concept of binary representation has a long history, with early examples found in ancient Chinese texts. However, its systematic development and application in mathematics and logic were significantly advanced by mathematicians like Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and later by George Boole, whose Boolean algebra is the foundation of digital logic design. The term "bit" itself was coined by John Tukey in 1946. Today, binários are ubiquitous in technology, forming the bedrock of digital communication, data storage, and processing.