Bijbal

Bijbal is the Dutch name for the epididymis, a long, coiled duct attached to the back of each testis in the scrotum. It is part of the male reproductive system and plays a central role in sperm maturation and storage.

Anatomy and structure: The epididymis consists of three segments: caput (head), corpus (body) and cauda (tail). The duct is about six meters long when uncoiled but tightly coiled within the scrotum. Its lining is a pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia, and it has smooth muscle that generates peristaltic contractions to move sperm from the testis toward the vas deferens.

Function: Sperm exit the testis into the epididymal duct via the efferent ducts. During their transit, sperm undergo maturation, acquiring motility and fertilizing capability. The epididymis also concentrates sperm by absorbing luminal fluid and stores mature sperm in the cauda until ejaculation.

Clinical relevance: Epididymitis, an inflammation or infection of the bijbal, is commonly linked to sexually transmitted infections or urinary pathogens. Obstruction or developmental anomalies can affect fertility. Vasectomy targets the vas deferens, but long-term changes in epididymal flow can occur; other conditions include epididymal cysts and, rarely, torsion.

Etymology: In Dutch medical terminology, bijbal denotes the epididymis; the term corresponds to the internationally used name epididymis.