Bevægelsesfriheden

Bevægelsesfriheden, or freedom of movement, is a fundamental human right that allows individuals to travel freely within the borders of a state and to leave and return to their country. This right is recognized in numerous international human rights instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

In practice, bevægelsesfriheden encompasses several aspects. It includes the liberty to choose one's residence and to move between different locations within a country. Furthermore, it grants the right to emigrate, meaning to leave one's country, and the right to return to one's country. This implies that a person cannot be arbitrarily deprived of their nationality or the right to return to their homeland.

However, freedom of movement is not absolute. It can be subject to certain restrictions, provided these restrictions are established by law, are necessary for reasons of national security, public order, public health or morals, or the rights and freedoms of others, and are compatible with the other rights recognized in the relevant international instruments. For example, during a pandemic, governments may impose travel restrictions to protect public health. Similarly, individuals may be subject to restrictions on movement if they are convicted criminals or pose a threat to national security.

The concept of bevægelsesfriheden is crucial for individual autonomy, economic opportunity, and the exercise of other fundamental rights, such as freedom of assembly and expression. Its protection is a cornerstone of democratic societies.