Betlemme

Betlemme, known in English as Bethlehem, is a city in the central West Bank, within the Bethlehem Governorate of the Palestinian Authority. It lies about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem, in the Judaean Hills near the Kidron valley. The name Betlemme derives from the Hebrew Beit Leḥem, meaning “house of bread”; the Arabic form Bayt Laḥm is used locally and is related in meaning.

Historically, Betlemme has ancient roots and is mentioned in biblical and later records. In Christian tradition, it is celebrated as the birthplace of Jesus, and the Church of the Nativity, built over a traditional cave, is a major pilgrimage site. The surrounding area, including Manger Square, serves as a central hub for religious and cultural activity and reflects the city’s long history.

Demographics and economy: The city has a mixed Muslim and Christian population. Christians have formed a historical minority that has declined in recent decades due to emigration and regional conflict. The economy is heavily influenced by tourism related to holy sites, along with crafts such as olive wood carvings and other services for visitors; agriculture in the surrounding hills also contributes to local livelihoods.

Governance and context: Betlemme is the administrative center of the Bethlehem Governorate. The city is part of the Palestinian territories and has been affected by the broader Israeli–Palestinian conflict, including movement and access controls in and around the West Bank.