Beta1

Beta1 is a designation used in multiple fields to identify a specific component, subunit, or version. In biology, it most often refers to the beta-1 class, including receptors and integrin subunits.

The beta-1 adrenergic receptor, encoded by ADRB1, is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed mainly in the heart and kidneys. Activation by catecholamines increases cyclic AMP via Gs signaling, raising heart rate and contractility. It is a primary target of beta-blocker drugs used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and angina. Genetic variants in ADRB1 can influence receptor function and patient response to therapy.

Another common usage is beta-1 integrin, encoded by ITGB1, which pairs with alpha subunits to form adhesion receptors. The beta-1 subunit partners with several alpha subunits to mediate attachment to extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin, playing roles in cell migration, development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.

In technology, beta1 is often used to denote the first beta release in a software project. A beta version provides broader testing beyond the initial development team and precedes the final release. The label helps distinguish features under test from stable software.

The term may also appear in other contexts to denote the leading beta-subunit designation within a multi-subunit complex or as a shorthand in product naming. Because beta1 lacks a single universal meaning, its interpretation depends on the discipline and accompanying context.