Bestrålingen

Bestrålingen, or irradiation, refers to exposure to ionizing radiation for a purpose. It is used in medicine, industry, agriculture and research. The term covers external irradiation from external sources as well as internal exposure through implanted or ingested radioactive materials (brachytherapy or radiopharmaceuticals).

In medicine, bestrålingen is used primarily for cancer treatment (radiation therapy). External beam radiotherapy delivers high-energy photons or electrons from a linear accelerator to the tumor, while brachytherapy places radioactive sources inside or next to the treatment area. Doses are measured in gray (Gy) and are typically given in fractions over several weeks. Side effects depend on dose, area, and tissue sensitivity.

In industry and agriculture, irradiation sterilizes medical devices, preserves food, and modifies materials. Food irradiation uses controlled doses to kill bacteria and pests, extend shelf life, or inactivate parasites. Regulatory oversight ensures that irradiated products are safe for consumption and trade, and that labeling and safety standards are met.

Safety and regulation: Bestrålingen is tightly regulated to protect workers and the public. Key principles include ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable), shielding, careful source handling, and monitoring with dosimeters. National and international bodies set exposure limits, licensing requirements, and emergency preparedness standards.

Equipment and sources: Common irradiation sources include linear accelerators, cobalt-60 gamma emitters, X-ray devices, and electron accelerators. The practice has a long history dating to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen and subsequent work by Becquerel and the Curies.