Bestråles

Bestråles is a Norwegian verb meaning to expose something to radiation, typically ionizing radiation. In practice, bestråling refers to subjecting foods, medical devices, pharmaceuticals, materials, or other items to controlled doses of radiation to achieve goals such as sterilization, disinfection, pasteurization, or alteration of material properties.

Irradiation can be delivered by various radiation sources. Common methods include gamma rays from radioactive isotopes such as cobalt-60 or cesium-137, X-rays produced by accelerators, and high-energy electron beams. The amount of radiation is expressed in grays (Gy), and the effect depends on the type of radiation, the dose, the dose rate, and the nature of the material being irradiated. Lower doses can reduce microbial load, while higher doses can sterilize or modify physical properties.

Common applications include food irradiation to reduce pathogens and extend shelf life, sterilization of medical devices and pharmaceutical products, and processing of polymers to improve heat or wear resistance. Bestråling is also used in conservation work for cultural heritage objects and in certain industrial processes to modify material characteristics or to decontaminate facilities.

Safety and regulation are central to bestråling. Ionizing radiation poses health and environmental risks if not properly controlled, so irradiation facilities employ shielding, monitoring devices, comprehensive safety procedures, and trained personnel. Regulatory authorities issue licenses, set dose limits, require dosimetry, and often mandate labeling or documentation for irradiated products. The goal is to balance the benefits of irradiation with protection for workers and the public.