Beretina

Beretina is a genus of fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae. These fungi are known for their parasitic relationships with insects, particularly ants. The term "beretina" refers to the characteristic fruiting bodies, or stromata, produced by these fungi on their insect hosts. These structures can vary in appearance but often resemble small, cap-like structures, hence the name derived from "beret."

Species within the genus Beretina are entomopathogenic, meaning they infect and kill insects. They typically infect ants, establishing a symbiotic relationship where the fungus grows within the ant's body. As the infection progresses, the fungus manipulates the ant's behavior, often causing it to climb to a high vantage point before death. This behavior is thought to optimize spore dispersal, allowing the fungus to spread to new hosts. After the ant dies, the fungal stromata emerge from the host's body, releasing spores to continue the life cycle.

The study of Beretina is significant in understanding insect-fungal interactions and the evolutionary adaptations that facilitate host manipulation. Research in this area contributes to our knowledge of biodiversity and the complex ecological roles fungi play in various ecosystems. While not directly of human commercial importance, Beretina serves as a model organism for studying entomopathogenic fungi and their potential applications in biological pest control.