Beclauses

Beclauses are clauses in which the finite form of the verb to be functions as a copula linking the subject to a predicative expression. The predicative can be an adjective (The sky is blue), a noun phrase (The winner is John), or a clause (The issue is that we forgot). Be-clauses express identity, properties, or states rather than action and are a central topic in the study of copular constructions across languages.

Structure and function: The typical form is subject + be + predicative complement. The predicative complements can be adjectives, nouns, or clauses. The be-verb carries tense and agreement (is, was), and in analyses it is treated as the main copula that binds the subject to its description, not merely as an auxiliary marking time or aspect.

Cross-linguistic notes: Be-clauses occur in many languages with a copular system, but the exact inventory of copulas and allowable predicatives varies. Some languages have multiple copulas with distinct meanings, while others rely on nonverbal predication or alternative constructions for similar meanings. Be-clauses are often contrasted with existential or there-cleft constructions and with predication formed by other verbs.

Historical and typological context: Be-clauses help distinguish equative from predicational structures. Typological work investigates why languages use be to express identity versus property, and how the choice of predicative complement interacts with syntax and agreement patterns.

Examples: The cat is asleep. The winner is Maria. It is possible that the plan is flawed. See also copular sentence, predicative complement.