BatterieManagement

Batteriemanagement, often abbreviated as BMS, refers to the electronic system used to monitor, control, and protect a rechargeable battery pack. Its primary function is to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery throughout its lifecycle. A key aspect of batteriemanagement is monitoring critical parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of individual cells or the entire battery pack. This information is used to estimate the state of charge (SoC), which indicates how much energy is remaining, and the state of health (SoH), which reflects the battery's degradation over time.

The BMS also plays a crucial role in preventing overcharging and over-discharging, conditions that can severely damage the battery and pose safety risks. It achieves this by controlling the flow of current into and out of the battery. Furthermore, temperature management is a vital function, as extreme temperatures can accelerate degradation and lead to thermal runaway. The BMS can regulate charging and discharging rates or activate cooling/heating systems to maintain optimal operating temperatures. In multi-cell battery packs, the BMS often performs cell balancing, ensuring that all cells have similar charge levels to maximize capacity and lifespan. Modern BMS units can also communicate with other systems, providing diagnostic information and enabling predictive maintenance.