Bathing

Bathing is the practice of cleaning the body with water or other liquids. It may involve immersion in a tub or basin (a bath) or cleansing with water without immersion (a shower or sponge bath). The primary purposes are hygiene, removal of dirt and oils, skin care, and relaxation. Routines vary widely by culture, climate, and access to facilities.

Common methods include tub baths, showers, and sponge baths. Water temperature is typically warm to avoid scalding. Soap or cleansing agents are used to remove dirt and oils, and rinsing is important to prevent skin irritation. Bathing frequency and duration vary according to personal preference and medical guidance.

Historically, bathing practices have ranged from public baths in ancient civilizations to private washrooms in modern homes. The Romans popularized large public baths; in East Asia, hot springs and communal baths have long played social and hygienic roles. In medieval Europe, public bathing declined for religious and sanitary reasons, while indoor plumbing and advances in sanitation in the 18th–20th centuries increased access to regular bathing.

Safety and environmental considerations include avoiding burns from hot water, preventing slips, and keeping fixtures clean to reduce infection risk. People with sensitive skin or certain medical conditions may need guidance on products and bathing frequency. Water and energy use associated with bathing has prompted interest in efficient fixtures and shorter showers to conserve resources.