Baterije

Baterije, also known as batteries, are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. They are commonly used in a wide range of applications, from portable electronics to electric vehicles. Batteries consist of one or more electrochemical cells, each containing an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. When a battery is discharged, a chemical reaction occurs at the anode, releasing electrons that flow through an external circuit to the cathode, where they are consumed in a reduction reaction. The electrolyte facilitates the movement of ions between the anode and cathode.

There are several types of batteries, each with its own characteristics and applications. Primary (or non-rechargeable) batteries, such as alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries, are designed for single use and cannot be recharged. Secondary (or rechargeable) batteries, like nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, can be recharged multiple times and are commonly used in devices such as smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles.

Batteries are typically rated by their capacity, measured in ampere-hours (Ah), and their voltage. The energy density of a battery, measured in watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg) or watt-hours per liter (Wh/L), indicates how much energy it can store relative to its weight or volume. Battery performance is also influenced by factors such as temperature, discharge rate, and depth of discharge.

Advances in battery technology continue to improve energy density, charging times, and cycle life. Research is focused on developing new materials and chemistries to create more efficient and sustainable batteries. As the demand for portable power and electric transportation grows, the importance of battery technology in our daily lives and the environment will only increase.