Baselsopimukset

Baselsopimukset refers to a series of international banking regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. These agreements aim to strengthen the regulation, supervision, and risk management of banks worldwide. The primary goal is to ensure the stability of the international financial system by setting minimum capital requirements for banks.

The first Basel Accord, known as Basel I, was introduced in 1988. It primarily focused on credit risk and established a risk-weighted capital ratio, requiring banks to hold a certain percentage of their risk-weighted assets as capital. Basel II, published in 2004, expanded on Basel I by introducing a more sophisticated approach to risk measurement. It incorporated three pillars: minimum capital requirements, supervisory review, and market discipline. This accord allowed banks more flexibility in calculating their capital needs based on their internal risk management systems.

The most recent iteration, Basel III, was developed in response to the global financial crisis of 2007-2008. It aims to improve the banking sector's ability to absorb shocks arising from financial and economic stress, whatever the source. Basel III enhances capital requirements by increasing the quality and quantity of capital, introduces new liquidity requirements, and aims to reduce bank leverage. The implementation of Basel III has been phased in over several years across different jurisdictions. These agreements are not legally binding treaties but are implemented by national regulatory authorities.