Baryates

Baryates refers to a specific historical group within the early Christian church, primarily active in the 3rd century CE. Their theological beliefs centered around a dualistic worldview, positing the existence of two opposing divine principles: a good, spiritual God and a lesser, material creator god who was responsible for the material world. This lesser god was often identified with the God of the Old Testament.

The name "Baryates" itself is derived from their belief that Jesus was a mere man who was chosen by the good God to be his instrument, rather than a divine being or the Son of God in a theological sense. They emphasized Jesus' humanity and his role as a teacher and prophet. Their understanding of salvation was often focused on achieving spiritual liberation from the material world through gnosis, or special knowledge.

While the Baryates were a distinct sect, their teachings shared similarities with other Gnostic groups of the era, contributing to the diverse and often contentious theological landscape of early Christianity. Information about their specific practices and the extent of their organization is limited, primarily pieced together through the writings of their opponents, such as the early Church Fathers who sought to refute their doctrines. The Baryates, along with many other Gnostic sects, eventually faded from prominence as orthodox Christianity gained wider acceptance and organizational strength.