Bamako

Bamako is the capital and largest city of Mali, situated on the Niger River in the western part of the country. It serves as the political, economic, and cultural center of the nation and hosts many government ministries and national institutions. Administratively, Bamako is organized as the Bamako District, comprising several urban communes that together form the metropolitan area.

Bamako originated as a river crossing and trading post in the 17th–18th centuries and grew into the administrative capital of French Sudan. When Mali gained independence in 1960, Bamako became the national capital. The city expanded rapidly in the late 20th century, drawing people from rural areas and neighboring countries and placing pressure on housing, water, and electrical supply.

Geographically, Bamako lies along the Niger River and experiences a hot, semi-arid climate with a long dry season and a distinct rainy period from roughly June to September. It is Mali's primary commercial hub, with markets, banking, media, and services driving the economy. Cultural institutions include the National Museum of Mali, and the city hosts the Bamako Encounters festival, an international festival of African photography.

Educational and cultural life centers on institutions such as the University of Bamako and several specialized schools. Bamako has a vibrant music and arts scene and hosts a range of festivals and outlets for traditional and contemporary Malian culture.

Transportation is anchored by Senou International Airport (Modibo Keita International), located south of the city and served by regional and international flights. The population is diverse, with Bambara, French, and other languages spoken and a mix of urban and migrant communities making Bamako Mali's most populous city.