BScans

Bscans, in the context of ophthalmology and medical ultrasound, refer to B-mode (brightness mode) ultrasound imaging that produces two-dimensional cross-sectional images of tissue. The technique displays echoes as varying shades of gray, with brighter pixels representing stronger echoes. B-scan imaging is commonly used to visualize the structure of the eye and orbit when the internal details cannot be seen directly due to media opacity such as cataracts, dense vitreous hemorrhage, or retinal detachment.

In ophthalmology, ocular B-scan uses a high-frequency ultrasound transducer (typically in the 8–20 MHz range) to generate real-time cross-sectional images. Scans can be obtained with the eyelid closed using a coupling gel, or via immersion technique for better contact with the globe. Operators obtain images in multiple planes to assess the retina, choroid, vitreous, optic nerve, and orbital contents. B-scan is often complemented by A-scan measurements when quantitative data are needed, such as axial length estimation or echogenicity assessment.

Common indications include evaluation of retinal detachment, vitreous detachment or hemorrhage, intraocular tumors, foreign bodies, optic nerve or orbital pathology, and assessment of suspected globe rupture after trauma. Limitations include operator dependency, reduced image quality in very small eyes or with severe media opacity, and limited resolution for very fine anterior segment details. Safety-wise, ultrasound is non-ionizing and generally considered safe when performed by trained personnel and within established exposure limits.

Overall, B-scan ultrasound remains a foundational imaging modality for diagnosing and monitoring intraocular and orbital diseases, particularly when direct visualization is not possible.