BF3amine

BF3amine refers to a class of chemical adducts formed when boron trifluoride (BF3) coordinates with an amine, resulting in a BF3–amine complex. In these adducts, the amine donates a lone pair to the boron atom, generating a tetrahedral boron–nitrogen interaction. Common representations include BF3·NR3 or BF3·R3N, depending on whether the amine is primary, secondary, or tertiary.

The identity of the amine strongly influences the properties of the adduct. Examples include BF3·NH3, BF3·pyridine, and BF3·NEt3. These complexes are generally less Lewis acidic than free BF3 and exhibit varying degrees of stability and volatility. Formation is typically achieved by combining BF3 with the chosen amine under dry, inert conditions, often in an appropriate solvent. The stability of BF3–amine adducts depends on temperature and moisture; many are stable at ambient conditions but can release BF3 upon heating or exposure to water.

Applications for BF3amine adducts occur mainly in organic synthesis and catalysis. They serve as safer and more manageable sources of boron trifluoride in reactions that require a Lewis acid, including various Friedel–Crafts-type transformations, polymerization initiations, and selective activations. They can also function as precursors to other boron-containing reagents in catalytic cycles.

Safety and handling note that BF3 and its amine adducts are corrosive and can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. They are moisture-sensitive, with hydrolysis products that can be hazardous. Work with these compounds under appropriate ventilation, in inert atmospheres when required, and with suitable protective equipment.