Azinheira

Azinheira is a Portuguese term referring to the cork oak tree, Quercus suber. This species is native to the western Mediterranean region and is particularly abundant in Portugal, which is the world's largest producer of cork. The azinheira is a medium-sized evergreen tree, typically reaching heights of 10 to 25 meters. Its bark is thick, corky, and deeply fissured, a characteristic that allows the tree to regenerate after its bark is harvested. The leaves are simple, ovate to oblong, with toothed or lobed margins, and are typically dark green on the upper surface and paler underneath.

The cork oak plays a vital ecological role in its native habitats, providing food and shelter for a variety of wildlife. Its acorns are an important food source for many animals, including wild boar and birds. The tree is also crucial for preventing soil erosion and maintaining biodiversity. Economically, the azinheira is primarily valued for its cork, which is harvested sustainably every nine to twelve years without harming the tree. This harvested cork is used in a wide array of products, including wine stoppers, flooring, insulation, and fashion accessories. The cultivation and harvesting of cork oak forests, known as montados in Portugal, represent a significant economic activity and a unique landscape feature in the country.