Avulaviruses

Avulaviruses are a genus of viruses within the family Orthocoronavirinae, part of the order Nidovirales. This genus is specifically comprised of viruses that infect birds. They are known for causing a variety of diseases in poultry and other avian species, with Newcastle disease virus being a prominent example. Avulaviruses are enveloped viruses with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. Their genetic material encodes for structural proteins that form the virus particle and non-structural proteins involved in viral replication and pathogenesis. The virions are typically spherical or pleomorphic, measuring around 150-300 nanometers in diameter. Transmission of avulaviruses commonly occurs through direct contact with infected birds or their excretions, as well as through contaminated feed, water, and equipment. Disease symptoms can range from mild respiratory signs to highly virulent neurological and respiratory disease, often resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Diagnosis typically involves serological tests to detect antibodies or molecular methods to identify viral RNA. Preventive measures include biosecurity protocols and vaccination programs in susceptible avian populations.