Avenanthramides

Avenanthramides are a class of polyphenolic alkaloids unique to oats (Avena sativa). They are N-acyl anthranilic acids formed by the condensation of anthranilic acid with hydroxycinnamic acids, such as p-coumaric, ferulic, or caffeic acids, yielding a family of compounds commonly designated AVN-A, AVN-B, AVN-C, AVN-D, AVN-E and AVN-F.

Natural occurrence and production context: Avenanthramides occur in oats and oat-derived products, with concentrations influenced by oat variety, processing, and storage. They are enriched in bran and hull fractions and can be affected by milling and heat treatment.

Biological activities: Avenanthramides exhibit antioxidant activity, including scavenging of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. They also have anti-inflammatory effects in skin cells, including suppression of inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways, such as COX-2 and aspects of NF-κB activity, and reduced cytokine production in some models. They are associated with anti-pruritic and soothing properties in skin-related research, contributing to the use of oats in dermatological applications.

Applications and research status: Due to these properties, avenanthramides are used as active ingredients or antioxidants in cosmetic formulations intended for soothing and anti-itch effects. They are also studied as components of functional foods. Human clinical evidence remains limited and results vary; product content depends on extraction and formulation. Individuals with oat allergies should avoid oat-based products containing avenanthramides.

Chemistry and safety: Avenanthramides are generally regarded as safe for use in foods and cosmetics within established guidelines. Ongoing research aims to clarify bioavailability, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential.