Außenrotation

Außenrotation, also known as external rotation, is a fundamental movement in human anatomy and biomechanics that involves the rotation of a limb away from the midline of the body. This motion primarily occurs in the shoulder and hip joints, where the bones of the limbs move outward relative to the body’s central axis.

In the shoulder joint, Außenrotation refers to the movement of the humerus (upper arm bone) away from the body’s midline, typically measured in degrees of rotation. This action is facilitated by specific muscles, including the infraspinatus, teres minor, and posterior fibers of the deltoid, which originate from the scapula and insert into the humerus. The glenohumeral joint, which connects the humerus to the scapula, allows for a wide range of rotational movement, contributing to the shoulder’s versatility.

Similarly, in the hip joint, Außenrotation involves the movement of the femur (thigh bone) outward, away from the body’s centerline. Key muscles involved include the piriformis, obturator internus, and gemellus muscles, which rotate the femur laterally. This motion is essential for activities such as walking, running, and certain athletic movements.

In clinical and rehabilitative contexts, Außenrotation is often assessed and trained to evaluate or improve joint mobility, muscle strength, and functional movement patterns. Limitations in Außenrotation can result from muscle imbalances, joint stiffness, or injuries, potentially leading to compensatory movements or increased risk of injury. Physical therapists and trainers may incorporate exercises targeting Außenrotation to restore normal movement mechanics or enhance athletic performance.

The assessment of Außenrotation typically involves measuring the range of motion using goniometry or visual observation, while training often includes dynamic exercises such as rotational stretches, resistance band work, or weighted movements. Proper technique and gradual progression are emphasized to prevent overuse or injury.