Autoimmunhämolytischen

Autoimmunhämolytische Anämie, often abbreviated as AIHA, is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body, and their premature destruction leads to a shortage, causing anemia. This anemia can manifest with symptoms such as fatigue, paleness, shortness of breath, and jaundice.

There are two main types of AIHA: warm antibody AIHA and cold agglutinin disease. Warm antibody AIHA is the more common form, where antibodies that bind effectively at body temperature target red blood cells. Cold agglutinin disease involves antibodies that are more active at colder temperatures, leading to red blood cell clumping. The underlying cause of AIHA can be primary, meaning it occurs without an identifiable underlying disease, or secondary, where it is associated with other conditions like autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus), infections, or certain cancers.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to detect antibodies coating the red blood cells (direct antiglobulin test) and to assess the degree of anemia and red blood cell destruction. Treatment aims to reduce the immune system's attack on red blood cells. This often starts with corticosteroids, which suppress the immune system. If corticosteroids are ineffective or cannot be tolerated, other treatments may include immunosuppressive drugs, splenectomy (removal of the spleen, where many red blood cells are destroyed), or newer therapies like rituximab. The prognosis for AIHA varies depending on the severity and underlying cause, but many individuals can achieve remission with appropriate treatment.