Audiologi

Audiology, or audiologi in several languages, is the branch of science and medicine that studies hearing and balance, and the clinical practice of diagnosing and managing disorders of the auditory and vestibular systems. The field encompasses assessment of hearing, speech understanding, balance function, and related communication and quality-of-life issues across the lifespan.

Clinical audiologists perform comprehensive evaluations using tests such as pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry, otoacoustic emissions, and auditory brainstem responses; vestibular tests may include caloric tests, video head impulse testing, and rotational chair assessments. Based on results, they diagnose hearing loss or balance disorders and develop management plans.

Interventions include hearing aids and cochlear implants, bone-conduction devices, bone-anchored systems, assistive listening devices, and aural rehabilitation, including training in communication strategies. Prevention and protection of hearing, rehabilitation in schools, newborn hearing screening, and tinnitus management are also part of the field. Audiologists work in hospitals, clinics, private practices, schools, and research settings, collaborating with physicians, speech-language pathologists, and others. Education typically involves advanced degrees in audiology (e.g., AuD or equivalent), licensure or registration in many countries, and ongoing professional development.

Historically, audiology emerged in the mid-20th century with advances in audiometry and amplification technology. It has grown into a multidisciplinary field that integrates acoustics, physiology, psychology, and technology. Internationally, professional organizations such as the International Society of Audiology, the American Academy of Audiology, and regional associations promote standards, research, and clinical practice.