Atsetüülkloriidid

Atsetüülkloriidid, or acetyl chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula CH3COCl. It is a colorless liquid that is highly reactive and corrosive. Atsetüülkloriidid is a key intermediate in organic synthesis, serving as a precursor to various acetyl derivatives. It is commonly used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.

The compound is typically prepared by the reaction of acetic acid with thionyl chloride or phosphorus oxychloride. The reaction proceeds via the formation of an acyl chloride, which then reacts with a chloride ion to yield acetyl chloride. Atsetüülkloriidid is a strong electrophile, making it a useful reagent in acetylation reactions.

One of the most notable reactions involving acetyl chloride is the Friedel-Crafts acetylation, where it reacts with aromatic compounds in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to form acetylated aromatic compounds. This reaction is widely used in the synthesis of dyes, pesticides, and other industrial chemicals.

Atsetüülkloriidid is also used in the production of cellulose acetate, a polymer with applications in textiles, films, and coatings. The compound is highly reactive and must be handled with care to avoid potential hazards such as skin and eye irritation, as well as respiratory issues in case of inhalation.

Despite its reactivity, acetyl chloride is an important reagent in organic chemistry due to its ability to introduce the acetyl group into various substrates. However, its use is often limited by the need for careful handling and the generation of hydrogen chloride gas during reactions.