Asünkroonmootors

Asünkroonmootors, also known as induction motors, are a type of alternating current (AC) electric motor. They are widely used in industrial and domestic applications due to their robustness, reliability, and relatively low cost. The operation of an asynchronous motor relies on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

The main components of an asynchronous motor are the stator and the rotor. The stator is the stationary part, containing windings that, when supplied with AC power, generate a rotating magnetic field. The rotor is the rotating part, typically consisting of a set of conductors arranged in a cage-like structure (squirrel-cage rotor) or wound coils (wound-rotor rotor).

As the rotating magnetic field from the stator sweeps across the rotor conductors, it induces an electric current in them. This induced current, in turn, creates its own magnetic field. The interaction between the stator's rotating magnetic field and the rotor's magnetic field produces a torque that causes the rotor to spin. Crucially, the rotor always rotates at a speed slightly slower than the stator's magnetic field, a phenomenon known as "slip." This difference in speed is essential for induction to occur and for torque to be generated.

Asynchronous motors are characterized by their simplicity, lack of brushes (in squirrel-cage designs), and ability to operate directly from the AC power supply. They are available in a wide range of power ratings and configurations to suit various applications, from small fans to large industrial machinery.