Asenduskulud

Asenduskulud (replacement costs) describe the expenses incurred to substitute one asset, process, or input with another. In accounting and finance, the term is used to capture the current cost of replacing an asset or supplying an alternative input, rather than its original purchase price. Replacement costs can play a role in impairment testing, insurance valuation, and long‑term asset management planning, where managers compare the cost of maintaining existing equipment against purchasing or outsourcing a substitute.

In production and operations, asenduskulud cover the full marginal cost of switching to a substitute resource or technology. This includes the purchase price of the new asset, installation or integration costs, downtime during the changeover, training for staff, changes to maintenance and operating procedures, and any disposal or write‑off of the old asset. Noncash considerations such as lost productivity during the transition may also be relevant.

Calculation practices vary by context. The current replacement cost method estimates what it would cost today to replace an asset with a functionally equivalent one. In decision‑making, these costs are often weighed against the expected benefits, depreciation, and opportunity costs.

Examples: replacing an old server with a newer model, switching fuel sources, or substituting a supplier. Limitations include market price volatility, irregular data, and the fact that replacement costs may differ from true economic costs.

See also: depreciation, impairment, capital budgeting, life‑cycle costing.