Arylierte

Arylierte is the German term for arylation of a chemical substrate, and is used to describe a compound into which an aryl group has been introduced. In English-language chemistry, the corresponding adjective is arylated. The aryl group is typically an aromatic ring such as phenyl or a substituted phenyl unit.

Arylation encompasses a variety of reactions that form Ar–C bonds. Classic methods include electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS), which can install an aryl group onto an electron-rich aromatic system, typically under strong conditions and with limited functional-group tolerance. More widely used are transition-metal-catalyzed cross-couplings, including Suzuki–Miyaura, Heck, Negishi, and Kumada couplings, which combine an aryl electrophile (typically an aryl halide or pseudohalide) with a nucleophilic partner. Direct C–H arylation covers strategies that install an aryl group onto a C–H bond without prefunctionalization, frequently guided by directing groups or radical/photoredox approaches. Aryl sources include aryl halides, diazonium salts, boronic acids/esters, and arenes linked through various leaving groups.

Applications of arylation span the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Arylated products can modify biological activity, solubility, and electronic properties. The choice of method depends on substrate scope, functional-group compatibility, cost, and the desired regiochemistry or stereochemistry.

Note: Arylierte appears in German chemical literature as the term for compounds that have undergone arylation, and is often encountered alongside the English term arylated.