Articulares

Articulares is a term used in anatomy and related disciplines to describe anything pertaining to joints (articulations) or to surfaces and structures that participate in joint function. A joint is the region where two or more bones meet, allowing motion, load transmission, or stability. Joints are commonly classified by mobility into synarthroses (immovable), amphiarthroses (slightly movable), and diarthroses (freely movable).

Key articular structures include the articular surfaces, the articular cartilage, the joint capsule, the synovial membrane and synovial fluid, and the ligaments surrounding the joint. The articular cartilage, typically hyaline cartilage, covers the ends of bones and provides a smooth, low-friction surface; the subchondral bone supports the cartilage. The joint capsule encloses the joint, with an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid for lubrication. Accessory structures such as articular discs (menisci) and articular pads, as well as bursae, can enhance congruence and cushioning in certain joints.

Disorders affecting articular structures include arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout), cartilage injuries, ligament sprains, dislocations, and meniscal tears. Diagnosis uses clinical examination and imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, MRI). Treatments vary from rest, physical therapy, and medications to surgical options such as arthroscopy or joint replacement, depending on severity and the joint involved.