ArteriovenösMissbildungen

Arteriovenous malformations, often abbreviated as AVMs, are abnormal tangles of blood vessels that occur when arteries and veins connect directly without the usual capillary network in between. This direct connection allows oxygen-rich blood to flow from the arteries directly into the veins, bypassing the capillaries that normally deliver oxygen to surrounding tissues. This can lead to weakened vessel walls and increased pressure within the veins. AVMs can occur in various parts of the body, but they are most commonly found in the brain, spinal cord, lungs, and digestive system.

The cause of most AVMs is not fully understood, although some may be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life due to genetic factors, trauma, or other underlying conditions. Symptoms of AVMs vary depending on their location and size. In the brain, they can cause headaches, seizures, or bleeding, which can lead to stroke-like symptoms. In other areas, symptoms might include pain, swelling, or abnormal function of the affected organ. In some cases, AVMs may not cause any symptoms and are discovered incidentally during medical imaging for other conditions.

Diagnosis of AVMs typically involves imaging techniques such as MRI, CT scans, or angiography, which allow visualization of the blood vessels. Treatment strategies depend on the AVM's characteristics and location. Options may include observation, surgical removal, embolization (blocking off the abnormal vessels), or radiation therapy. The goal of treatment is to prevent complications such as bleeding.