Arteriogenic

Arteriogenic is an adjective describing processes related to arteriogenesis or arterial formation and remodeling. It is used to discuss the growth, enlargement, and functional enhancement of arteries in various physiological and pathological contexts. The term is distinct from angiogenic, which refers more broadly to the growth of new vessels, including capillaries.

Arteriogenesis vs angiogenesis: Arteriogenesis specifically refers to the enlargement and maturation of pre-existing collateral arteries to increase conductance in response to altered blood flow, whereas angiogenesis involves sprouting and growth of new microvessels. In biology, this distinction is important for understanding how tissues improve perfusion under different conditions.

Mechanisms involved in arteriogenic processes include hemodynamic stimuli such as increased shear stress that trigger endothelial cells to release mediators. Monocytes and macrophages are recruited and secrete cytokines and growth factors, including VEGF, FGF, PDGF, and TGF-β. These signals promote extracellular matrix remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, and structural maturation of arteries. Nitric oxide also plays a role in coordinating vascular responses.

Clinical relevance and research: Arteriogenesis is a focus of therapeutic strategies aimed at improving blood flow in ischemic tissues, such as in peripheral artery disease or coronary artery disease. Approaches include delivery of growth factors, cell therapy, and gene therapy to stimulate collateral vessel formation. Outcomes have been variable, with challenges in targeted delivery, timing, and ensuring durable, functional maturation of collateral arteries. Ongoing research examines factors that facilitate or impair arteriogenic remodeling, including aging, diabetes, and systemic inflammation.

See also: collateral circulation, angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, arteriogenesis therapy.