Archbasilica

Archbasilica is a title used in the Catholic Church to designate certain churches that hold a status above ordinary basilicas. The designation, often rendered as major basilica or archbasilica, is granted by the Holy See and confers particular liturgical privileges and ceremonial rights. While most churches are simply basilicas, archbasilicas are recognized as principal centers of liturgical life and ecclesial authority.

Historically, the concept is tied to the most important church buildings of the Latin Church, especially those in Rome. The best-known example is the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome, officially the Basilica of Saint John Lateran. It is the cathedral of the Pope as Bishop of Rome and is traditionally regarded as the “mother and head” of all churches in Rome and in the world. It houses the papal throne (cathedra) and hosts significant ceremonies associated with the papacy.

In addition to Saint John Lateran, several other major basilicas are accorded archbasilica status. These include Saint Peter’s Basilica, Santa Maria Maggiore, Saint Paul Outside the Walls, and Saint Lawrence Outside the Walls. Each holds special privileges and functions as a key site for pilgrimage and the celebration of major liturgical rites reserved to major churches.

Canon law distinguishes archbasilicas from ordinary basilicas by rank and the scope of privileges granted by the Holy See. The status reflects their historical, liturgical, and symbolic importance within the Catholic Church.