Aradsorptie

Aradsorptie is a surface phenomenon in which molecules or ions from a substance accumulate on the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a layer known as an adsorbate on the adsorbent. Unlike absorption, where substances diffuse into a bulk phase, aradsorptie concentrates at interfaces and may involve one or more molecular layers. The concept is fundamental in physical chemistry and environmental science and is widely described in relation to adsorption processes.

Aradsorptie occurs via physical or chemical interactions. Physisorption involves weak van der Waals forces and is usually reversible, with relatively low heat of adsorption. Chemisorption involves the formation of chemical bonds and can be more permanent, with higher heats of adsorption. The extent and nature of aradsorptie depend on the surface area and porosity of the adsorbent, the chemical affinity between adsorbate and surface, temperature, and pressure.

Characterization of aradsorptie often uses adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Common isotherms include Langmuir (monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface), Freundlich (heterogeneous surfaces), and BET (multilayer adsorption). Kinetic models such as pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order describe how rapidly adsorption occurs. These tools help estimate surface area, capacity, and the strength of adsorbate–surface interactions.

Applications of aradsorptie span environmental, industrial, and biomedical fields. Activated carbon and other porous materials remove contaminants from air and water, separate gases, and act as catalysts or catalyst supports. Adsorption processes are central to water treatment, pollution control, sensor design, and the recovery of valuable compounds.