Antithyreoidika

Antithyreoidika, also known as antithyroid drugs, are medications used to treat hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland. These drugs work by inhibiting the production of thyroid hormones, thereby reducing the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. The most commonly used antithyreoidika include:

1. Methimazole (Tapazole): This drug inhibits the production of thyroid hormones by blocking the enzyme peroxidase, which is essential for iodine uptake and thyroid hormone synthesis.

2. Propylthiouracil (PTU): PTU works by inhibiting the enzyme peroxidase, similar to methimazole, but it also has additional effects on the thyroid gland, including reducing the uptake of iodine and inhibiting the release of thyroid hormones.

3. Carbimazole: This drug is a structural analog of the thyroid hormone thyroxine and competes with it for binding to thyroid hormone receptors, thereby reducing the activity of the thyroid gland.

Antithyreoidika are typically prescribed for short-term use, usually for a few months, to control hyperthyroidism symptoms and allow for the development of hypothyroidism, which can then be treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy. They are generally well-tolerated, but side effects can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rashes. Long-term use of these drugs can lead to hypothyroidism, so they should be used under medical supervision.