Antimükootilisi

Antimükootilisi, commonly referred to as antifungals, are a class of medications used to treat fungal infections. Fungal infections, or mycoses, can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, nails, hair, lungs, and internal organs. These infections are caused by pathogenic fungi, which can range from yeasts like Candida to molds like Aspergillus. Antimycotics work by targeting specific components or processes essential for fungal survival, such as their cell walls or membranes, or by interfering with their metabolic pathways.

The mechanism of action for antimycotics varies depending on the specific drug. Some, like azoles, inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of the fungal cell membrane, leading to increased membrane permeability and cell death. Polyenes, such as amphotericin B, bind directly to ergosterol, forming pores in the fungal cell membrane and causing leakage of essential intracellular components. Griseofulvin, on the other hand, interferes with fungal cell division by disrupting microtubules.

Antifungal medications are available in various forms, including topical creams, ointments, powders, oral tablets or capsules, and intravenous solutions. The choice of medication and its formulation depends on the type, severity, and location of the fungal infection. Common fungal infections treated with antimycotics include athlete's foot, ringworm, yeast infections (candidiasis), and more serious systemic infections. Resistance to antifungal drugs can develop, posing a challenge in treatment, necessitating careful prescribing and monitoring.