Antidiarrémedel
Antidiarrémedel are medicines used to treat diarrhea by reducing stool frequency or liquidity. They encompass several classes that act through different mechanisms. Opioid-type agents such as loperamide and, less commonly, diphenoxylate slow intestinal motility by activating μ-opioid receptors in the gut, increasing contact time and absorption of fluids. Bismuth subsalicylate provides antisecretory and mild antimicrobial effects and can ease cramps and nausea. Absorbents and bulk-forming agents (for example kaolin-pectin, attapulgite, polycarbophil) work by binding water and toxins or by increasing stool bulk.
Commonly available over the counter, these medicines are used to relieve acute nonspecific diarrhea and, in
Cautions and adverse effects: loperamide and other opioids can cause constipation, abdominal cramps, dizziness, and rarely
Regulatory status varies by country; many agents are available OTC, while some prescriptions combine an antidiarrheal