Anilinebased

Aniline-based, often written as aniline-based, refers to chemical compounds that contain an aniline moiety or are derived from aniline, the simple aromatic amine with the formula C6H5NH2. The term encompasses a broad class of substances, including substituted anilines and polymers built from aniline units. Because the amino group directs and activates the benzene ring, many aniline-based molecules are prepared by functionalizing the ring at the ortho and para positions or by converting the amino group into other functionalities.

Aniline is a primary aromatic amine. The amino group is reactive and can be acylated, alkylated, or diazotized, enabling the synthesis of a wide range of derivatives such as toluidines, nitroanilines, and sulfonated anilines. The ring also tolerates electrophilic substitutions, making aniline a versatile building block in dyes, pigments, and polymer precursors.

Industrial production of aniline is primarily achieved by catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. The intermediate toluidines and other aniline derivatives serve as precursors for polyurethane foams, dyes (aniline dyes), and rubber accelerators. Polyaniline, a conductive polymer formed from aniline units, is studied for applications in sensors, energy storage, and corrosion-resistant coatings.

Aniline-based compounds vary in toxicity, and many derivatives pose health and environmental risks. Aniline itself can be hazardous if inhaled or absorbed through the skin and may cause methemoglobinemia. Proper handling, containment, and waste treatment are required in industrial settings, and regulatory limits apply to exposure and emissions.