C6H5NH2

C6H5NH2 is the chemical formula for aniline, the simplest aromatic amine. It consists of a benzene ring bearing a single amino group (NH2), giving the compound the systematic name aminobenzene. Aniline is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature and is soluble in many organic solvents; it is only moderately soluble in water. It is a weak base and readily forms salts with acids, such as anilinium chloride.

Industrial production of aniline mainly involves the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene using hydrogen over catalysts such as Raney nickel. Historically, aniline was also produced by the reduction of nitroarenes with metallic reagents like tin and hydrochloric acid. In the laboratory, aniline can be prepared by reduction of nitrobenzene or by other amination routes. A key reaction of aniline is diazotization, in which aniline is converted to diazonium salts that serve as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of azo dyes and other aromatic compounds.

Applications of aniline are broad. It is a major raw material for the synthesis of dyes and pigments and serves as an intermediate in the production of polymers, rubber chemicals, and various pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It also appears in the production of certain pesticides and specialty chemicals.

Safety and handling are important considerations. Aniline is toxic and can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. It can be absorbed through the skin and, upon metabolism, may cause methemoglobinemia. It is flammable and should be handled under proper ventilation with appropriate protective equipment and disposal procedures in place.