Angioneurotic

Angioneurotic refers to a condition involving swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, often affecting the face, lips, tongue, throat, and limbs. It is also known as hereditary angioedema (HAE) or acquired angioedema (AAE), depending on its cause. This swelling is typically non-pitting and can be painless or accompanied by a burning sensation. Angioneurotic edema is caused by a defect in the body's natural regulation of a substance called bradykinin, which leads to increased fluid leakage from blood vessels into the surrounding tissues.

Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal dominant disorder, meaning it is passed down through families. It is most commonly caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the C1 inhibitor protein. Acquired angioedema, on the other hand, can be linked to other medical conditions, such as certain types of cancer or autoimmune disorders, or can be a side effect of some medications.

The episodes of angioneurotic swelling can vary in severity and duration, often lasting for several days. While swelling of the extremities is usually uncomfortable but not life-threatening, swelling in the throat can obstruct the airway, posing a medical emergency. Diagnosis typically involves medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to assess levels of C1 inhibitor and other related proteins. Treatment strategies aim to manage acute attacks and prevent future episodes, with options including medications that target bradykinin or C1 inhibitor.