Androctonus

Androctonus is a genus of scorpions in the family Buthidae, commonly known as fat-tailed scorpions. The genus comprises numerous species distributed across Africa, the Middle East, and parts of southern Europe. Androctonus scorpions are renowned for their potent venom and are among the most medically significant scorpions in their range.

Habitat and behavior: These scorpions are mostly nocturnal and inhabit arid or semi-arid environments, including deserts, rocky outcrops, and human-modified landscapes. They shelter under stones, in crevices, or within burrows during the day and emerge at night to hunt insects and other arthropods, relying on ambush or quick strikes.

Venom and medical relevance: The venom contains neurotoxins that affect voltage-gated sodium channels, producing severe pain, autonomic symptoms, and potentially respiratory compromise. Envenomation can be life-threatening, particularly for children and people with underlying health problems. Treatment typically requires prompt medical evaluation; first aid involves immobilization and cleaning the affected area, avoiding incision or tourniquet use, and seeking urgent professional care. In many regions, region-specific antivenoms and supportive medical care—such as analgesia, fluids, and respiratory support—are used.

Representative species: Notable members include Androctonus crassicauda (black fat-tailed scorpion), Androctonus australis, Androctonus mauretanicus, and Androctonus amoreuxi, among others. The exact distribution and venom potency vary among species.