Anafylaksiassa

Anafylaksiassa is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs rapidly after exposure to an allergen. It is a systemic response involving multiple organ systems. The onset of symptoms can be very quick, often within minutes to an hour after exposure, though in some cases it can be delayed. Common triggers for anaphylaxis include certain foods (like peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish), insect stings or bites (from bees, wasps, ants), medications (such as penicillin, aspirin, and NSAIDs), and latex.

The symptoms of anaphylaxis can vary but often include skin reactions like hives, itching, or flushing. Respiratory symptoms are common and can include difficulty breathing, wheezing, or a feeling of tightness in the throat. Gastrointestinal symptoms may manifest as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea. Cardiovascular effects can include a rapid or weak pulse, dizziness, lightheadedness, or a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to shock. Neurological symptoms such as confusion or a sense of impending doom can also occur.

The underlying mechanism of anaphylaxis involves the release of chemical mediators, such as histamine, from mast cells and basophils in the body. This release is triggered by the immune system's overreaction to a specific allergen. The immediate and most critical treatment for anaphylaxis is the administration of epinephrine (adrenaline), which can reverse many of the life-threatening symptoms. Prompt medical attention is crucial for anyone experiencing anaphylaxis. Prevention involves strict avoidance of known allergens and carrying an epinephrine auto-injector at all times for individuals with a history of anaphylaxis.