Amnionitis

Amnionitis, also known as chorioamnionitis, is an inflammation of the fetal membranes, the amnion and the chorion, due to infection. It is most commonly diagnosed during pregnancy, typically after the amniotic sac has ruptured, or during labor. The infection can be caused by bacteria ascending from the vagina into the uterus. Risk factors include prolonged labor, prolonged rupture of membranes, frequent vaginal examinations, and the presence of bacteria in the lower genital tract.

Symptoms can vary but may include maternal fever, uterine tenderness, and foul-smelling amniotic fluid. In newborns, signs of infection can include lethargy, fever, and difficulty breathing. Amnionitis can lead to several complications for both mother and baby. For the mother, it can result in postpartum hemorrhage, endometritis, and wound infections. For the baby, potential complications include sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, and preterm birth.

Diagnosis is usually based on clinical signs and symptoms. Laboratory tests, such as amniotic fluid analysis for elevated white blood cell counts or bacterial cultures, may be used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment typically involves antibiotics for the mother and, if the baby shows signs of infection, antibiotics for the newborn as well. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to minimize the risks associated with amnionitis. In many cases, delivery of the baby is recommended to help resolve the infection.