Ammoniumnitraattipolttoöljyseos

Ammoniumnitraattipolttoöljyseos, often abbreviated as ANFO, is a widely used industrial explosive. It is a mixture of ammonium nitrate, which acts as the oxidizer, and a fuel, typically diesel oil. The proportions of ammonium nitrate and fuel can vary, but a common ratio is around 94% ammonium nitrate and 6% fuel oil by weight.

The primary use of ANFO is in blasting operations in mining, quarrying, and construction. Its popularity stems from its relatively low cost, safety in handling compared to other explosives, and good blast performance when properly initiated. Ammonium nitrate is a readily available and inexpensive chemical, and diesel fuel is also a common and affordable commodity.

ANFO is not detonable by itself; it requires a primer or booster charge to initiate the explosion. This makes it safer to transport and handle. When initiated, the ammonium nitrate decomposes, releasing oxygen, which then reacts rapidly with the fuel oil, producing a large volume of hot gases that create the explosive effect.

While ANFO is considered relatively stable, its performance can be affected by factors such as moisture content, particle size of the ammonium nitrate, and the type and amount of fuel oil. Despite its widespread use, safety precautions are paramount during its manufacture, transport, storage, and use to mitigate risks associated with its explosive nature. It is also important to note that due to its potential for misuse, the sale and handling of its components are subject to regulations in many jurisdictions.