Ammoniumheparin

Ammoniumheparin is a salt form of heparin, a naturally occurring anticoagulant. Heparin is a complex carbohydrate, specifically a glycosaminoglycan, produced by the body. It works by activating antithrombin III, a protein that inhibits several clotting factors. This action prevents the formation of blood clots and can also break down existing ones.

Ammoniumheparin is typically derived from animal sources, most commonly porcine intestinal mucosa or bovine lung. The purification process is critical to ensure its efficacy and safety. It is administered intravenously or subcutaneously and is used in various medical settings. These include the prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, particularly in patients undergoing surgery or those who are immobile. It is also used in the treatment of existing blood clots and in procedures like dialysis and cardiopulmonary bypass where blood needs to be kept from clotting outside the body.

As with all forms of heparin, ammoniumheparin carries risks, including bleeding complications. Other potential side effects can include heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (a decrease in platelets), allergic reactions, and localized irritation at the injection site. Its use is carefully monitored by healthcare professionals, and dosage is adjusted based on individual patient factors and clotting tests. While it is a widely used anticoagulant, its specific use and formulation may vary depending on the intended application and regulatory approvals.